{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "reviewed": "2026-09-21",
  "provider": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, PVGIS",
  "version": "5.3",
  "radiationDatabase": "PVGIS-SARAH3",
  "period": "2005–2023",
  "sourceResolution": "Approximately 5 km solar-radiation grid; not rooftop resolution",
  "rightsUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/general-information/usage-conditions-data-protection_en",
  "manualUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/using-pvgis-5/pvgis-5-user-manual_en",
  "apiUrl": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis/using-pvgis-5/api-non-interactive-service_en",
  "model": {
    "peakPowerKw": 1,
    "technology": "crystalline silicon",
    "systemLossPercent": 14,
    "terrainHorizon": true,
    "propertyShadeModelled": false
  },
  "site": {
    "name": "Jersey",
    "place": "St Helier",
    "point": {
      "lat": 49.214,
      "lon": -2.131
    },
    "scenarios": [
      {
        "id": "south-35",
        "label": "South-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1215.91,
        "annualVariationKwh": 30.72,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1481.48,
        "totalLossPercent": -17.93,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 42.79,
            "dailyKwh": 1.38,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 50.02,
            "variationKwh": 6.58
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 66.38,
            "dailyKwh": 2.37,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 77.39,
            "variationKwh": 9.41
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 103.99,
            "dailyKwh": 3.35,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 122.93,
            "variationKwh": 14.17
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 141.49,
            "dailyKwh": 4.72,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 170.42,
            "variationKwh": 15.03
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 147.39,
            "dailyKwh": 4.75,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 180.49,
            "variationKwh": 12.75
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 144.92,
            "dailyKwh": 4.83,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 180.02,
            "variationKwh": 14.45
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 151.18,
            "dailyKwh": 4.88,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 189.89,
            "variationKwh": 11.74
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 134.34,
            "dailyKwh": 4.33,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 168.03,
            "variationKwh": 12.13
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 114.66,
            "dailyKwh": 3.82,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 140.93,
            "variationKwh": 11.45
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 77.87,
            "dailyKwh": 2.51,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 94.18,
            "variationKwh": 8.5
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 50.28,
            "dailyKwh": 1.68,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 59.58,
            "variationKwh": 8.81
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 40.61,
            "dailyKwh": 1.31,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.59,
            "variationKwh": 8.35
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "east-35",
        "label": "East-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": -90,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=-90&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 928.18,
        "annualVariationKwh": 28.15,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1151.73,
        "totalLossPercent": -19.41,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 21.68,
            "dailyKwh": 0.7,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 28.05,
            "variationKwh": 2.74
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 38.82,
            "dailyKwh": 1.39,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.74,
            "variationKwh": 4.46
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 73.18,
            "dailyKwh": 2.36,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 88.06,
            "variationKwh": 8.84
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 111.5,
            "dailyKwh": 3.72,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 134.86,
            "variationKwh": 11.36
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 128.86,
            "dailyKwh": 4.16,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 157.75,
            "variationKwh": 11.67
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 130.18,
            "dailyKwh": 4.34,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 161.65,
            "variationKwh": 13.48
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 134.57,
            "dailyKwh": 4.34,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 168.98,
            "variationKwh": 10.95
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 111.5,
            "dailyKwh": 3.6,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 139.78,
            "variationKwh": 8.16
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 83.64,
            "dailyKwh": 2.79,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 104.04,
            "variationKwh": 6.76
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 49.38,
            "dailyKwh": 1.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 62.08,
            "variationKwh": 4.14
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 26.53,
            "dailyKwh": 0.88,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 34.25,
            "variationKwh": 3.38
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 18.33,
            "dailyKwh": 0.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 24.47,
            "variationKwh": 2.49
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "west-35",
        "label": "West-facing · 35° tilt",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 90,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=90&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 982.02,
        "annualVariationKwh": 26.24,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1214.88,
        "totalLossPercent": -19.17,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 22.42,
            "dailyKwh": 0.72,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 28.95,
            "variationKwh": 2.22
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 40.05,
            "dailyKwh": 1.43,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 49.05,
            "variationKwh": 4.28
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 75.16,
            "dailyKwh": 2.42,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 90.43,
            "variationKwh": 8.1
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 116.82,
            "dailyKwh": 3.89,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 141.09,
            "variationKwh": 10.84
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 136.68,
            "dailyKwh": 4.41,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 166.88,
            "variationKwh": 11.98
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 140.43,
            "dailyKwh": 4.68,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 173.69,
            "variationKwh": 13.46
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 142.92,
            "dailyKwh": 4.61,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 178.75,
            "variationKwh": 10.53
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 119.28,
            "dailyKwh": 3.85,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 149.14,
            "variationKwh": 11.45
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 89.29,
            "dailyKwh": 2.98,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 110.77,
            "variationKwh": 8.18
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 52.33,
            "dailyKwh": 1.69,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 65.48,
            "variationKwh": 4.63
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 27.53,
            "dailyKwh": 0.92,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 35.33,
            "variationKwh": 3.49
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 19.1,
            "dailyKwh": 0.62,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 25.32,
            "variationKwh": 2.98
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-15",
        "label": "South-facing · 15° tilt",
        "angle": 15,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=15&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1142.79,
        "annualVariationKwh": 28.55,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1400.38,
        "totalLossPercent": -18.39,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 32.41,
            "dailyKwh": 1.05,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 39.45,
            "variationKwh": 4.34
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 53.73,
            "dailyKwh": 1.92,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 63.87,
            "variationKwh": 6.85
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 92.57,
            "dailyKwh": 2.99,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 109.97,
            "variationKwh": 11.48
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 135.17,
            "dailyKwh": 4.51,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 162.59,
            "variationKwh": 13.63
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 150.19,
            "dailyKwh": 4.84,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 183.25,
            "variationKwh": 12.94
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 151.17,
            "dailyKwh": 5.04,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 186.96,
            "variationKwh": 14.89
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 155.99,
            "dailyKwh": 5.03,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 195.07,
            "variationKwh": 12.06
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 132.66,
            "dailyKwh": 4.28,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 165.57,
            "variationKwh": 11.29
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 104.98,
            "dailyKwh": 3.5,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 129.31,
            "variationKwh": 9.59
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 65.91,
            "dailyKwh": 2.13,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 80.81,
            "variationKwh": 6.32
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 38.71,
            "dailyKwh": 1.29,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.43,
            "variationKwh": 5.87
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 29.3,
            "dailyKwh": 0.95,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 36.09,
            "variationKwh": 5.23
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-60",
        "label": "South-facing · 60° tilt",
        "angle": 60,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "free",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=60&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=free&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1151.6,
        "annualVariationKwh": 30.16,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1399.92,
        "totalLossPercent": -17.74,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 49,
            "dailyKwh": 1.58,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 56.63,
            "variationKwh": 8.18
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 72.36,
            "dailyKwh": 2.58,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 83.99,
            "variationKwh": 10.99
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 104.37,
            "dailyKwh": 3.37,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 123.37,
            "variationKwh": 15.21
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 131.44,
            "dailyKwh": 4.38,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 158.51,
            "variationKwh": 14.43
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 126.89,
            "dailyKwh": 4.09,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 155.93,
            "variationKwh": 10.8
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 120.76,
            "dailyKwh": 4.03,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 150.79,
            "variationKwh": 11.84
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 127.83,
            "dailyKwh": 4.12,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 161.23,
            "variationKwh": 9.66
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 120.37,
            "dailyKwh": 3.88,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 150.92,
            "variationKwh": 11.32
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 111.74,
            "dailyKwh": 3.72,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 137.44,
            "variationKwh": 11.9
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 81.94,
            "dailyKwh": 2.64,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 98.79,
            "variationKwh": 9.79
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 56.93,
            "dailyKwh": 1.9,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 66.83,
            "variationKwh": 10.86
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 47.98,
            "dailyKwh": 1.55,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 55.47,
            "variationKwh": 10.63
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "south-35-integrated",
        "label": "South-facing · 35° · building-integrated",
        "angle": 35,
        "aspect": 0,
        "mounting": "building",
        "sourceUrl": "https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/api/v5_3/PVcalc?lat=49.214&lon=-2.131&peakpower=1&loss=14&angle=35&aspect=0&pvtechchoice=crystSi&mountingplace=building&raddatabase=PVGIS-SARAH3&usehorizon=1&outputformat=json",
        "annualKwh": 1177.52,
        "annualVariationKwh": 29.27,
        "annualIrradiationKwhM2": 1481.48,
        "totalLossPercent": -20.52,
        "months": [
          {
            "month": 1,
            "energyKwh": 41.94,
            "dailyKwh": 1.35,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 50.02,
            "variationKwh": 6.37
          },
          {
            "month": 2,
            "energyKwh": 64.71,
            "dailyKwh": 2.31,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 77.39,
            "variationKwh": 9.05
          },
          {
            "month": 3,
            "energyKwh": 100.9,
            "dailyKwh": 3.25,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 122.93,
            "variationKwh": 13.49
          },
          {
            "month": 4,
            "energyKwh": 136.47,
            "dailyKwh": 4.55,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 170.42,
            "variationKwh": 14.25
          },
          {
            "month": 5,
            "energyKwh": 142.27,
            "dailyKwh": 4.59,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 180.49,
            "variationKwh": 12.14
          },
          {
            "month": 6,
            "energyKwh": 139.82,
            "dailyKwh": 4.66,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 180.02,
            "variationKwh": 13.61
          },
          {
            "month": 7,
            "energyKwh": 145.81,
            "dailyKwh": 4.7,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 189.89,
            "variationKwh": 10.99
          },
          {
            "month": 8,
            "energyKwh": 129.75,
            "dailyKwh": 4.19,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 168.03,
            "variationKwh": 11.43
          },
          {
            "month": 9,
            "energyKwh": 110.97,
            "dailyKwh": 3.7,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 140.93,
            "variationKwh": 10.89
          },
          {
            "month": 10,
            "energyKwh": 75.84,
            "dailyKwh": 2.45,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 94.18,
            "variationKwh": 8.12
          },
          {
            "month": 11,
            "energyKwh": 49.2,
            "dailyKwh": 1.64,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 59.58,
            "variationKwh": 8.53
          },
          {
            "month": 12,
            "energyKwh": 39.85,
            "dailyKwh": 1.29,
            "irradiationKwhM2": 47.59,
            "variationKwh": 8.14
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "calculation": "All raw energy outputs are for 1 kWp. Displayed size examples multiply energy and variability by the selected kWp; irradiation per square metre is not scaled.",
  "limitations": "One regional example point, not a property or parish assessment. Terrain horizon only, not surveyed roof shading. Historical model variation is not a forecast or confidence interval."
}